OAR - (original aspect ratio) - Also called Letterbox format, OAR means that none of the image is clipped or squeezed. Unused parts of the screen are usually black.
SECAM - (Sequential Color And Memory standard) - This alternative to NTSC has 625 lines interlaced, 50 fields per second. It is used in the former USSR, France, and parts of Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa.
SDTV - "Standard Definition Television." SDTV are based on 480 lines of vertical resolution and may have either 4 - 3 or 16 - 9 aspect ratios, and surround sound. Several SDTV programs are sent together to form the simulcast bundle. While SDTV pictures are of significantly better quality than NTSC, they are not up to the standard of HDTV.
Codec - This term is short for "Coder-decoder." A codec is a device that converts analog video and audio signals into a digital format for transmission. It also converts received digital signals back into an analog format.
Composite video. This 1-wire standard contains all video information: intensity, color, and sync. The encoding is the same as NTSC, and thus has the "overlapping sideband" problem which sometimes causes wrong colors to appear.
8VSB modulation technique - (8-level vestigial sideband) - DTV stations in the U.S. use 8VSB modulation. This is an AM mode wherein the carrier is multiplied by an 8-level digital signal, and then a filter is used to remove all but the carrier and 6 MHz of the upper sideband. ("8VSB" is often used as a synonym for OTA.)
HDTV - (High Definition TV) - A TV that displays 1280x720 pixels or better.
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