OAR - (original aspect ratio) - Also called Letterbox format, OAR means that none of the image is clipped or squeezed. Unused parts of the screen are usually black.
Artefacts - Unwanted visible effects in the picture created by errors in the video processing or noise/interference in analog circuits. Common artefacts include 'edge crawl' or 'hanging dots' in analog pictures or 'blockiness', noise or 'contouring' in digital pictures.
Aspect Ratio - A numerical expression of the relationship of width to height of a TV screen. 4:3 - This numerical sequence refers to the aspect ratio of the National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) TV screen, with "4" unit width corresponding to "3" unit height, proportionally, regardless of the actual size of the screen. 16:9 - This numerical sequence refers to the aspect ratio of wide screen DTV formats for all HDTV and some SDTV (Standard Definition) video. A "16" unit width corresponds to "9" unit height proportionally, regardless of the actual size of the screen. The widescreen 16:9 numerical sequence provides a viewing experience very similar to that of 35 mm movies.
Down Converting - Process by which a high-definition signal is converted to a standard definition picture.
CRT - An analog vacuum tube technology that has been the mainstay of conventional TV displays for many years, writing the picture on a phosphor coated screen with an electron beam. It can produce bright pictures of excellent resolution but the size and weight of a unit suitable for the large, wide-screen displays needed for HDTV may be, for some, a disadvantage.
Upconvert - The process which increases the number of pixels or frame rate used to represent an image by creating new pixels at closer spacing. For instance SDTV video having 720 x 480 pixels may be upconverted to 1280 x 720 pixels for use as HDTV. The upconversion process does not increase the resolution of image.
Progressive scan - This is the opposite of interlaced scan.
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